Why are comments important in programming?

Comments are crucial in programming because they serve as explanatory notes within the code, helping the programmer remember the purpose and functionality of specific code segments. This is particularly valuable in complex projects where multiple developers may be involved or when returning to a codebase after some time. Comments can clarify the logic behind functions, describe the intended use of variables, or outline the steps of an algorithm, making the code more understandable and maintainable.

While comments can improve collaboration within teams by providing context, they do not directly optimize performance, enhance security, or increase execution speed, which distinguishes them from other coding practices focused on those aspects.